Bearing
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Natural direction of shoot growth in the absence of trellising.
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Blade – Sinus
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Indentations around the blade margin with a clear interruption of serration.
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Blade
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Main part of the leaf, situated at the end of the petiole.
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Bloom
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Dull waxy layer covering certain organs (berry, herbaceous shoot).
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Inflorescence
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Group of flower buds which, after fecundation, give rise to a cluster.
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Lenticels
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Small, brown spots that may occur on various organs (shoot, berry), which are suberised stomata (corky).
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Petiole
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Part of the leaf joining the blade to the branch (or shoot).
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Shoot – Lateral
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Secondary ramification of the shoot from a lateral bud.
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Shoot– Internode
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Portion of a shoot between two nodes.
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Subcontinuous tendrils
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Presence of tendrils on at least three successive nodes on the shoot.
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Tendril
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Organ which twines and attaches the vine to a neighbouring support.
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Young leaves – Color
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- Bronze: brown in colour.
- Copper: brownish-red in colour
- Piping anthocyanin coloration: presence of prostate hairs with bright pink to red pigmentation around the edge of the apex or of the young leaves.
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Young leaves
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3rd to 5th leaves clearly detached or separated from the tip of the shoot.
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Adult leaf
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Leaf situated on the middle third of the main shoot of the year, best observed between the stages of fruit set and veraison.
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Anthocyanin pigmentation
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Pink, red or purple colouring that may be related to the youth of the organ or tissue concerned (e.g. young leaf, herbaceous shoot, petiole, vein).
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Berry – Aromas
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- Foxy: aroma of berries of the V. labrusca grape variety and most of its hybrids, reminiscent of wild strawberry.
- Herbaceous: aromas of berries reminiscent of unripe vegetables.
- Muscat-like: berry aroma with floral (rose) and fruity notes (litchis)
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Berry – Seedless
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Grape berry with no seeds, or rudimentary seeds which are imperceptible when chewing.
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Berry – Teinturier
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Term used for varieties with berries that have a colored pulp.
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Berry - Shape
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Blade – Lateral sinuses
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- Lower lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the 2 primary lateral veins.
- Upper lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the primary central vein and the adjacent primary lateral vein.
- Secondary lateral sinuses: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between 2 secondary veins.
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Blade – Lobe
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Portion of the blade situated between 2 sinuses.
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Blade – Petiolar sinus
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Break in the blade where the petiole is attached.
Degree of opening:
- Open: the lobes of the sinus flare outwards and do not overlap.
- Closed: the lobes of the sinus touch (or slightly overlap) one another.
- Overlapping lobes: the lobes of the sinus clearly overlap.
Shape of the base:
- U-shaped
- V-shaped
- Bracket-shaped
Particularity
- With one tooth on one of the margins
- Base delimited by the primary lateral vein (“naked”)
- Petiolar point: point of attachment of the 5 primary veins and the blade on the petiole.
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Blade – Profile
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Way in which the blade naturally occupies space.
- Involute: turned or rolled towards the upper surface of the blade.
- Keeled: like a half-open book.
- Revolute: blade turned or rolled towards the lower surface of the blade.
- Crisped: blade profile both involute and revolute in disorganised fashion.
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Blade – Relief
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- Blister: micro-relief or bump on the blade between the tertiary and quaternary veins.
- Goffer: contraction or depression in the surface of the blade between the primary and secondary veins.
- Smooth: not rough, uniform.
- Hammered: refers to slight puckering of the blade, flattened in appearance.
- Undulate: relief between the primary and/or secondary veins running parallel to those veins.
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Blade – Shape
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- Cordate: heart-shaped.
- Cuneate: in the shape of a wedge, or a square or rectangle in juxtaposition with an underlying triangle.
- Orbicular: rounded (or circular), able to fit into a circle.
- Pentagonal (or truncate): with five edges, able to fit into a pentagon.
- Reniform: shaped like a kidney bean or kidney, breadth greater than length.
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Blade – Veins
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- Primary veins: the 5 veins departing from the petiolar point.
- Secondary veins: veins of secondary order flowing directly from the 5 primary veins.
- Subordinate veins: tertiary and quaternary veins.
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Bud scales
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Bracts protecting the bud before it opens.
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Cane
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Lignified shoot.
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Cluster – Density
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Cluster – Pedicel
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Stem bearing the berry starting from the point of attachment to the berry to the first ramification of the stalk.
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Cluster – Peduncle
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Main stalk joining the cluster to the shoot from the point of attachment on the shoot to the first ramification of the stalk.
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Cluster – Size
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Size, scale (cf. manual).
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Cluster – Stem
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The pedicels, ramifications and peduncle of the cluster considered as a whole.
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Cluster – Wing
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Lateral ramification of the main cluster and distinct from it.
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Fasciation
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Abnormal type of growth of shoots, petioles, tendrils or stalks/stems which appear fused together into bundles and rather flattened.
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Flower – Sex
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- Female flower: flower with a functional pistil and non-functional reflex stamens (curving downwards).
- Hermaphrodite flower: flower with functional pistil and stamens.
- Male flower: flower with functional stamens but no pistil (or rudimentary, non-functional).
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Herbaceous (organ)
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Non-lignified.
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Herbaceous shoot
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Young branch before lignification.
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Phenology
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Study of plant development stages (e.g. bud burst, flowering veraison, ripeness).
- Bud burst: phenological stage corresponding to the opening of the bud scales, revealing the bud (stage B on Baggiolini scale).
- Flowering: phenological stage corresponding to the opening and fall of the floral calyptras (stage I on Baggiolini scale).
- Veraison: phenological stage corresponding to the softening of the berries just before they change colour (stage M on Baggiolini scale).
- Maturity: phenological stage corresponding to the optimal sugar content produced by photosynthesis with no loss of berry volume, and the deliberately chosen period of harvest (stage N on Baggiolini scale).
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Shoot – Node
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Swelling of the shoot at the place where the buds, leaf petioles and tendrils or bunches arise.
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Shoot – Pith
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Non-compact, central tissue of the shoot or branch (or lignified root), more or less abundant and discontinued at the nodes.
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Shoot – Relief
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- Striated: shoot presenting fine, longitudinal grooves on its surface.
- Ribbed: shoot or branch presenting longitudinal ribs or grooves in relief.
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Shoot– Sides
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- Dorsal side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the lateral buds and the foliage.
- Ventral side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the latent buds.
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Teeth
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Peripheral endings of veins around the blade margin.
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Teeth – Shape
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- Concave: with rounded edges curving towards the interior of the leaf surface.
- Convex: with rounded edges curving towards the outside (ogival).
- Straight: with straight edges.
- Mucronate: the teeth terminate at the apex of the vein, forming a small, clearly visible point.
- Curly: the teeth are positioned alternately upwards and downwards around the blade margin.
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Tip of the young shoot (apex or bud)
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End of the young shoot situated above the first detached leaf, best observed at the time of flowering.
- Open: the very first young leaves grow outwards and the apex of the shoot is entirely visible.
- Closed or semi-closed: the apex of the shoot is covered or partially covered by the first young leaves.
- Globular: enveloping, pouch-like character of the first young leaves.
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Villosity
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The hairs (or trichomes) covering a surface.
- Prostate hairs: long, flexuous hairs spread across the surface of the organ on which they occur.
- Erect hairs: short, colourless, shiny hairs lying perpendicular to the surface of the organ on which they occur.
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