Ampelographic glossary

  • Adult leaf

    Definitions

    Leaf situated on the middle third of the main shoot of the year, best observed between the stages of fruit set and veraison.

  • Anthocyanin pigmentation

    Definitions

    Pink, red or purple colouring that may be related to the youth of the organ or tissue concerned (e.g. young leaf, herbaceous shoot, petiole, vein).

  • Bearing

    Definitions

    Natural direction of shoot growth in the absence of trellising.

    Bearing
  • Berry – Aromas

    Definitions

    • Foxy: aroma of berries of the V. labrusca grape variety and most of its hybrids, reminiscent of wild strawberry.

    • Herbaceous: aromas of berries reminiscent of unripe vegetables.

    • Muscat-like: berry aroma with floral (rose) and fruity notes (litchis)

  • Berry – Seedless

    Definitions

    Grape berry with no seeds, or rudimentary seeds which are imperceptible when chewing.

    Berry – Seedless
  • Berry – Teinturier

    Definitions

    Term used for varieties with berries that have a colored pulp.

    Berry – Teinturier
  • Berry – Shape

    Berry – Shape
  • Blade – Lateral sinuses

    Definitions

    • Lower lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the 2 primary lateral veins.

    • Upper lateral sinus: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between the primary central vein and the adjacent primary lateral vein.

    • Secondary lateral sinuses: indentation of the blade with clear interruption of serration, located between 2 secondary veins.

    Blade – Lateral sinuses
  • Blade – Lobe

    Definitions

    Portion of the blade situated between 2 sinuses.

    Blade – Lobe
  • Blade – Petiolar sinus

    Definitions

    Break in the blade where the petiole is attached. Degree of opening:

    • Open: the lobes of the sinus flare outwards and do not overlap.

    • Closed: the lobes of the sinus touch (or slightly overlap) one another.

    • Overlapping lobes: the lobes of the sinus clearly overlap.

    • Shape of the base:

    • U-shaped

    • V-shaped

    • Bracket-shaped

    • Particularity

    • With one tooth on one of the margins

    • Base delimited by the primary lateral vein (“naked”)

    • Petiolar point: point of attachment of the 5 primary veins and the blade on the petiole.

    Blade – Petiolar sinus
  • Blade – Profile

    Definitions

    Way in which the blade naturally occupies space.

    • Involute: turned or rolled towards the upper surface of the blade.

    • Keeled: like a half-open book.

    • Revolute: blade turned or rolled towards the lower surface of the blade.

    • Crisped: blade profile both involute and revolute in disorganised fashion.

    Blade – Profile
  • Blade – Relief

    Definitions

    • Blister: micro-relief or bump on the blade between the tertiary and quaternary veins.

    • Goffer: contraction or depression in the surface of the blade between the primary and secondary veins.

    • Smooth: not rough, uniform.

    • Hammered: refers to slight puckering of the blade, flattened in appearance.

    • Undulate: relief between the primary and/or secondary veins running parallel to those veins.

    Blade – Relief
  • Blade – Shape

    Definitions

    Indentations around the blade margin with a clear interruption of serration.

    • Cordate: heart-shaped.

    • Cuneate: in the shape of a wedge, or a square or rectangle in juxtaposition with an underlying triangle.

    • Orbicular: rounded (or circular), able to fit into a circle.

    • Pentagonal (or truncate): with five edges, able to fit into a pentagon.

    • Reniform: shaped like a kidney bean or kidney, breadth greater than length.

    Blade – Shape
  • Blade – Veins

    Definitions

    • Primary veins: the 5 veins departing from the petiolar point.

    • Secondary veins: veins of secondary order flowing directly from the 5 primary veins.

    • Subordinate veins: tertiary and quaternary veins.

    Blade – Veins
  • Bud scales

    Definitions

    Bracts protecting the bud before it opens.

  • Blade – Sinus

    Definitions

    Indentations around the blade margin with a clear interruption of serration.

  • Blade

    Definitions

    Main part of the leaf, situated at the end of the petiole.

    Blade
  • Bloom

    Definitions

    Dull waxy layer covering certain organs (berry, herbaceous shoot).

  • Cane

    Definitions

    Lignified shoot.

  • Cluster – Density

    Cluster – Density
  • Cluster – Pedicel

    Definitions

    Stem bearing the berry starting from the point of attachment to the berry to the first ramification of the stalk.

  • Cluster – Peduncle

    Definitions

    Main stalk joining the cluster to the shoot from the point of attachment on the shoot to the first ramification of the stalk.

  • Cluster – Size

    Definitions

    Size, scale (cf. manual).

  • Cluster – Stem

    Definitions

    The pedicels, ramifications and peduncle of the cluster considered as a whole.

  • Cluster – Wing

    Definitions

    Lateral ramification of the main cluster and distinct from it.

    Cluster – Wing
  • Fasciation

    Definitions

    Abnormal type of growth of shoots, petioles, tendrils or stalks/stems which appear fused together into bundles and rather flattened.

  • Flower – Sex

    Definitions

    • Female flower: flower with a functional pistil and non-functional reflex stamens (curving downwards).

    • Hermaphrodite flower: flower with functional pistil and stamens.

    • Male flower: flower with functional stamens but no pistil (or rudimentary, non-functional).

    Flower – Sex
  • Herbaceous (organ)

    Definitions

    Non-lignified.

  • Herbaceous shoot

    Definitions

    Young branch before lignification.

  • Inflorescence

    Definitions

    Group of flower buds which, after fecundation, give rise to a cluster.

  • Lenticels

    Definitions

    Small, brown spots that may occur on various organs (shoot, berry), which are suberised stomata (corky).

    Lenticels
  • Petiole

    Definitions

    Part of the leaf joining the blade to the branch (or shoot).

  • Phenology

    Definitions

    Study of plant development stages (e.g. bud burst, flowering veraison, ripeness).

    • Bud burst: phenological stage corresponding to the opening of the bud scales, revealing the bud (stage B on Baggiolini scale).

    • Flowering: phenological stage corresponding to the opening and fall of the floral calyptras (stage I on Baggiolini scale).

    • Veraison: phenological stage corresponding to the softening of the berries just before they change colour (stage M on Baggiolini scale).

    • Maturity: phenological stage corresponding to the optimal sugar content produced by photosynthesis with no loss of berry volume, and the deliberately chosen period of harvest (stage N on Baggiolini scale).

  • Shoot – Lateral

    Definitions

    Secondary ramification of the shoot from a lateral bud.

  • Subcontinuous tendrils

    Definitions

    Presence of tendrils on at least three successive nodes on the shoot.

    Subcontinuous tendrils
  • Shoot – Node

    Definitions

    Swelling of the shoot at the place where the buds, leaf petioles and tendrils or bunches arise.

  • Shoot – Pith

    Definitions

    Non-compact, central tissue of the shoot or branch (or lignified root), more or less abundant and discontinued at the nodes.

  • Shoot – Relief

    Definitions

    • Striated: shoot presenting fine, longitudinal grooves on its surface.

    • Ribbed: shoot or branch presenting longitudinal ribs or grooves in relief.

    Shoot – Relief
  • Shoot – Sides

    Definitions

    • Dorsal side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the lateral buds and the foliage.

    • Ventral side: side of the shoot situated on the side of the latent buds.

    Shoot – Sides
  • Tendril

    Definitions

    Organ which twines and attaches the vine to a neighbouring support.

  • Teeth

    Definitions

    Peripheral endings of veins around the blade margin.

  • Teeth – Shape

    Definitions

    • Concave: with rounded edges curving towards the interior of the leaf surface.

    • Convex: with rounded edges curving towards the outside (ogival).

    • Straight: with straight edges.

    • Mucronate: the teeth terminate at the apex of the vein, forming a small, clearly visible point.

    • Curly: the teeth are positioned alternately upwards and downwards around the blade margin.

    Teeth – Shape
  • Tip of the young shoot

    Definitions

    End of the young shoot situated above the first detached leaf, best observed at the time of flowering.

    • Open: the very first young leaves grow outwards and the apex of the shoot is entirely visible.

    • Closed or semi-closed: the apex of the shoot is covered or partially covered by the first young leaves.

    • Globular: enveloping, pouch-like character of the first young leaves.

    Tip of the young shoot
  • Villosity

    Definitions

    The hairs (or trichomes) covering a surface.

    • Prostate hairs: long, flexuous hairs spread across the surface of the organ on which they occur.

    • Erect hairs: short, colourless, shiny hairs lying perpendicular to the surface of the organ on which they occur.

    Villosity
  • Young leaves – Color

    Definitions

    • Bronze: brown in colour.

    • Copper: brownish-red in colour

    • Piping anthocyanin coloration: presence of prostate hairs with bright pink to red pigmentation around the edge of the apex or of the young leaves.

    Young leaves – Color
  • Young leaves

    Definitions

    3rd to 5th leaves clearly detached or separated from the tip of the shoot.