Riparia Gloire de Montpellier
This is a Vitis riparia Michaux selection.
The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated when known thanks to hybridiser data or genetic analysis either published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and at the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This is a Vitis riparia Michaux selection.
The name of the breeder and/or selector is indicated, as is the year in which the variety was bred.
L. Vialla and R. Michel, 1880.
The figures are estimated based on the computerised vineyard register and bibliographical data.
17 000 ha . Aquitaine, Val de Loire Midi-Pyrénées, Rhône-Alpes, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Charentes, Languedoc-Roussillon.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1945 |
129 |
|
|
1955 |
216 |
|
|
1965 |
116 |
|
|
1975 |
52 |
|
|
1985 |
27 |
|
|
1995 |
52 |
|
|
2005 |
45 |
|
|
2015 |
30 |
Only the main ampelographic elements enabling the rootstocks to be characterised and identified are provided. They are described according to the ampelographic descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of buds, flowers and adult leaves were taken indoors by the INRAE team at Domaine de Vassal from material sampled from the ampelographic collections of the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre. Note: the scale of the photos is not the same for the three organs shown. The photos of buds have been reduced (x 0.5 approx.), as have those of the adult leaves (x 0.25 approx.), while those of the flowers have been enlarged (x 4 approx.).
- the tip of the young shoot that is completely closed, in the shape of a crook with a very high density of erect hairs but no prostrate hairs,
- the green young leaves, with well developed stipules at the base of the petioles,
- the shoots with a horizontal bearing, an even surface, no bloom, an elliptic section, no erect and prostrate hairs, not very noticeable nodes with long, colored on the dorsal side internodes,
- the large, cordate, entire adult leaves, with an widely open U-shaped petiole sinus, an undulate leaf blade between the veins, long teeth compared to their width, with straight sides or with one side slightly convex and one side slightly concave (the three terminal teeth of the central main vein and the two main adjacent lateral veins are longer and more developed), and on the lower side of the leaves, no prostrate hairs and a high density of erect hairs on the veins, more particularly on the bifurcation of the veins,
- the male flowers,
- the long, brown woody shoots with no erect and prostrate hairs.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
139 |
263 |
251 |
236 |
192 |
256 |
236 |
214 |
236 |
|
Allele 2 |
143 |
263 |
264 |
238 |
200 |
260 |
238 |
243 |
236 |
The degree of tolerance to the root form of phylloxera and resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria), to Agrobacterium vitis (the bacterium responsible for burls) and to certain soil fungi is stated on the basis of observations or bibliographical data.
Riparia Gloire de Montpellier is very highly tolerant to the root form of phylloxera. It is also quite tolerant to Meloidogyne hapla nematodes, but its resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria nematodes is only moderate. It is quite tolerant to Agrobacterium vitis.
The level of wood production by the rootstock strains is stated (source: ENTAV-ONIVINS survey of grapevine nurseries, April 2001). The suitability for cleaning, disbudding, cutting and grafting is also specified. Further details are provided if the rootstock variety requires special precautions during grafting and layering.
Riparia Gloire de Montpellier wood production is good (40 000 à 80 000 m/ha). The internodes are long with an average diameter. The growth of lateral shoot buds is limited and the canes are not very ramified. This rootstock has good cuttings and grafting capacities.
All certified clones are listed, as are the surface areas of the mother vine of clones that are propagated. For the moment, clonal selection of rootstock is conducted solely for sanitary purposes.
In France, the 5 certified Riparia Gloire de Montpellier clones carry the numbers 1, 142, 186, 1030 and 1162. Among those, the clones multiplied are:
- clone No. 1: 12 ha 24 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 142: 3 ha 40 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 186: 50 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 1030: 13 ha 29 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017.
Datas are extracted from: Les chiffres de la pépinière viticole, 2017, Datas and assesment of FranceAgriMer, may 2018.
This paragraph provides information on the behaviour of the rootstock variety in relation to the structure, texture and composition of the soil, its mineral content and the soil’s pH. It also states the behaviour of the rootstock when faced with an excess or lack of water during the vegetative period. Chlorosis Iron chlorosis is related to problems of iron assimilation due to low iron content and/or high carbonate content in soil. Total calcium carbonate content alone gives only a partial idea of the chlorosis-inducing power of the soil. The active calcium carbonate content corresponds to the percentage of carbonate present in the fine fraction of the soil (clays, fine silts). Depending on the characteristics of the parent rock and its geological origin, this represents a variable percentage of the total calcium carbonate. The chlorotic power index (IPC) is a calculation which takes into account the active calcium carbonate content and the easily extractible iron content of the soil. These three values provide an insight into the risk of chlorosis and allow growers to choose the most suitable rootstock variety accordingly. Tylosis and apoplexy These apoplexy phenomena are linked to problems of water circulation through the plant when evapotranspiration is high (dry wind following heavy rainfall in the summer season) and the absorption of water through the roots is limited. In this case, the high pressure in the vessels causes air bubbles (cavitation) and tyloses (invagination of the membrane of neighbouring cells in the vessels) to form, which causes a slowing of sap circulation and water stress in the leaves.
This rootstock is adapted to acidic or decalcified soils. On the other hand, it is very sensitive to chlorosis and only resists to less than 15% of "total" limestone, 6% of "active" limestone and an IPC of 5. It is well adapted to humidity but is very sensitive to drought and is poorly adapted to compact soils with too much clay. This rootstock absorbs easily potassium, but poorly absorbs magnesium. It may thus promote magnesium deficiency symptoms, dessication of the stems and less acidic musts. This rootstock should be used in gravelly and fairly fertile soils with a sufficient water input. It should not be avoided in poor, dry or superficial soils.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
The radial trunk growth of this rootstock remains limited. It is said that this rootstock has a “thin leg” which may create substantial diameter differences with the grafts and the recquirement for trellising. The development speed of the young plants is good. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier confers a very low vigor and the vine development is reduced. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier promotes floral initiation but given its very weak vigor, the yields obtained are usually limited. This rootstock has an influence on the earliness of the vegetative growth and under adapted conditions, with a sufficient plant density it induces the production of quality fruits. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier has a very good affinity and works well with Cabernet-Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chenin, Cot, Gros Manseng, Merlot, Sauvignon and Tannat.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Cépages et vignobles de France, tome 1. P. Galet, 1988, Ed. Dehan, Montpellier, France.
