5 BB
Kober 5 BB
This variety results from the crossbreeding of Vitis berlandieri and Vitis riparia derived from Euryale Rességuier.
The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated when known thanks to hybridiser data or genetic analysis either published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and at the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This variety results from the crossbreeding of Vitis berlandieri and Vitis riparia derived from Euryale Rességuier.
The rootstock variety is presented by the abbreviation or name under which it appears in the national catalogue and which is also the most commonly used in French grapevine nurseries and French viticulture. There is no official list of synonyms for rootstock varieties.
5 BB
The name of the breeder and/or selector is indicated, as is the year in which the variety was bred.
Sigmund Teleki and Franz Kober, 1896.
The figures are estimated based on the computerised vineyard register and bibliographical data.
9 000 ha . Alsace, Aquitaine, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Val de Loire, Charentes, Midi-Pyrénées, Rhône-Alpes.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1945 |
41 |
|
|
1955 |
315 |
|
|
1965 |
283 |
|
|
1975 |
339 |
|
|
1985 |
201 |
|
|
1995 |
57 |
|
|
2005 |
69 |
|
|
2015 |
69 |
Only the main ampelographic elements enabling the rootstocks to be characterised and identified are provided. They are described according to the ampelographic descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of buds, flowers and adult leaves were taken indoors by the INRAE team at Domaine de Vassal from material sampled from the ampelographic collections of the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre. Note: the scale of the photos is not the same for the three organs shown. The photos of buds have been reduced (x 0.5 approx.), as have those of the adult leaves (x 0.25 approx.), while those of the flowers have been enlarged (x 4 approx.).
- the tip of the young shoot that is half open or closed, with a piping anthocyanin coloration and a medium density of prostrate hairs,
- the green, slightly bronzed young leaves,
- the elongated shoots with ribbed surface, a circular or slightly elliptic section, red or red-striped internodes, and a low density of erect hairs on the nodes,
- the bifid tendrils,
- the large, soft, wedge-shaped, entire adult leaves, with a flat leaf blade, involute on the edges around the teeth, an open U-shaped petiole sinus, short teeth with convex sides, a weak anthocyanin coloration of veins, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of erect hairs,
- the female flowers,
- the very small, round-shaped berries, with a blue black skin,
- the browny grey woody shoots with darker nodes.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
139 |
234 |
233 |
236 |
200 |
252 |
236 |
214 |
259 |
|
Allele 2 |
147 |
263 |
264 |
246 |
214 |
260 |
246 |
251 |
259 |
The degree of tolerance to the root form of phylloxera and resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria), to Agrobacterium vitis (the bacterium responsible for burls) and to certain soil fungi is stated on the basis of observations or bibliographical data.
5 BB is highly tolerant to the root form of phylloxera and to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla nemtodes. On the other hand, its resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria nematodes is only moderate and it seems susceptible to Agrobacterium vitis.
The level of wood production by the rootstock strains is stated (source: ENTAV-ONIVINS survey of grapevine nurseries, April 2001). The suitability for cleaning, disbudding, cutting and grafting is also specified. Further details are provided if the rootstock variety requires special precautions during grafting and layering.
5 BB wood production is very good (80 000 to 100 000 m/ha) and can even be considered as the largest producer among the most frequently used rootstocks. Its internodes are long with a medium diameter and the growth of lateral shoot buds is limited. 5 BB has good cutting and grafting capacities.
All certified clones are listed, as are the surface areas of the mother vine of clones that are propagated. For the moment, clonal selection of rootstock is conducted solely for sanitary purposes.
In France, the 12 certified 5 BB clones carry the numbers 76, 77, 78, 79, 114, 127, 129, 149, 191, 259, 753 and 1106. Among those, the clones multiplied are:
- clone No. 76: 39 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 78: 96 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 114: 38 ha 77 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 149: 25 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017,
- clone No. 259: 6 ha 27 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017.
Datas are extracted from: Les chiffres de la pépinière viticole, 2017, Datas and assesment of FranceAgriMer, may 2018.
This paragraph provides information on the behaviour of the rootstock variety in relation to the structure, texture and composition of the soil, its mineral content and the soil’s pH. It also states the behaviour of the rootstock when faced with an excess or lack of water during the vegetative period. Chlorosis Iron chlorosis is related to problems of iron assimilation due to low iron content and/or high carbonate content in soil. Total calcium carbonate content alone gives only a partial idea of the chlorosis-inducing power of the soil. The active calcium carbonate content corresponds to the percentage of carbonate present in the fine fraction of the soil (clays, fine silts). Depending on the characteristics of the parent rock and its geological origin, this represents a variable percentage of the total calcium carbonate. The chlorotic power index (IPC) is a calculation which takes into account the active calcium carbonate content and the easily extractible iron content of the soil. These three values provide an insight into the risk of chlorosis and allow growers to choose the most suitable rootstock variety accordingly. Tylosis and apoplexy These apoplexy phenomena are linked to problems of water circulation through the plant when evapotranspiration is high (dry wind following heavy rainfall in the summer season) and the absorption of water through the roots is limited. In this case, the high pressure in the vessels causes air bubbles (cavitation) and tyloses (invagination of the membrane of neighbouring cells in the vessels) to form, which causes a slowing of sap circulation and water stress in the leaves.
This rootstock resists up to 35% of "total" limestone, 20% of "active" limestone and an IPC of 40. Its resistance to iron chlorosis is moderate to good. 5 BB is also adapted to humid conditions and particularly to sandy soils.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
Generally speaking, 5 BB confers a very high vigor to the grafts and tends to delay the maturity. It is sometimes incompatible with some varieties (for example: Cabernet franc, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Colombard, Sauvignon) particularly when they carry the grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2). In the event of a grapevine fanleaf virus infection, 5 BB clearly shows the presence of endocellular cords in the wood vessels. In terms of production, this rootstock, which is sometimes used to replace missing plants, tends to favor alternating phenonema and irregular results depending on the year. 5 BB sometimes induces the production of fruits with low sugar and polyphenol contents.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Cépages et vignobles de France, tome 1. P. Galet, 1988, Ed. Dehan, Montpellier, France.
