Gravesac
This variety results from the crossbreeding of 161-49 Couderc and 3309 Couderc.
The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated when known thanks to hybridiser data or genetic analysis either published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and at the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This variety results from the crossbreeding of 161-49 Couderc and 3309 Couderc.
The name of the breeder and/or selector is indicated, as is the year in which the variety was bred.
INRA, 1962.
The figures are estimated based on the computerised vineyard register and bibliographical data.
14 000 ha . Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées, Val de Loire, Languedoc-Roussillon, Alsace.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1975 |
19 |
|
|
1985 |
37 |
|
|
1995 |
52 |
|
|
2005 |
97 |
|
|
2015 |
110 |
Only the main ampelographic elements enabling the rootstocks to be characterised and identified are provided. They are described according to the ampelographic descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of buds, flowers and adult leaves were taken indoors by the INRAE team at Domaine de Vassal from material sampled from the ampelographic collections of the Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre. Note: the scale of the photos is not the same for the three organs shown. The photos of buds have been reduced (x 0.5 approx.), as have those of the adult leaves (x 0.25 approx.), while those of the flowers have been enlarged (x 4 approx.).
- the tip of the young shoot that is closed, with a very low density of prostrate hairs,
- the slightly bronzed young leaves,
- the shoots with an elliptic or circular section and a strong anthocyanin coloration,
- the medium , circular, entire adult leaves, with an open U-shaped petiole sinus, with sometimes naked petiole sinus, a smooth, slightly involute leaf blade, sometimes slightly goffered or hammered, a strong anthocyanin coloration of veins, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of erect hairs and no prostrate hairs,
- the male flowers,
- the browny red to purplish woody shoots, with no erect and prostrate hairs.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
139 |
261 |
245 |
236 |
190 |
256 |
236 |
239 |
265 |
|
Allele 2 |
159 |
263 |
251 |
238 |
192 |
258 |
238 |
241 |
265 |
The degree of tolerance to the root form of phylloxera and resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria), to Agrobacterium vitis (the bacterium responsible for burls) and to certain soil fungi is stated on the basis of observations or bibliographical data.
Gravesac is very highly tolerant to the root form phylloxera. It is however sensitive to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria nematodes.
The level of wood production by the rootstock strains is stated (source: ENTAV-ONIVINS survey of grapevine nurseries, April 2001). The suitability for cleaning, disbudding, cutting and grafting is also specified. Further details are provided if the rootstock variety requires special precautions during grafting and layering.
Gravesac has medium to large diameter internodes and the growth of lateral shoot buds is limited. Gravesac canes are fairly hard and its wood production production is goo (40 000 to 70 000 m/ha). This rootstock also has good cutting and grafting capacities.
All certified clones are listed, as are the surface areas of the mother vine of clones that are propagated. For the moment, clonal selection of rootstock is conducted solely for sanitary purposes.
In France, the only certified Gravesac clone carries the number 264 and it is multiplied on 112 ha 44 ares of mother vines producing certified material, in 2017.
Datas are extracted from: Les chiffres de la pépinière viticole, 2017, Datas and assesment of FranceAgriMer, may 2018.
This paragraph provides information on the behaviour of the rootstock variety in relation to the structure, texture and composition of the soil, its mineral content and the soil’s pH. It also states the behaviour of the rootstock when faced with an excess or lack of water during the vegetative period. Chlorosis Iron chlorosis is related to problems of iron assimilation due to low iron content and/or high carbonate content in soil. Total calcium carbonate content alone gives only a partial idea of the chlorosis-inducing power of the soil. The active calcium carbonate content corresponds to the percentage of carbonate present in the fine fraction of the soil (clays, fine silts). Depending on the characteristics of the parent rock and its geological origin, this represents a variable percentage of the total calcium carbonate. The chlorotic power index (IPC) is a calculation which takes into account the active calcium carbonate content and the easily extractible iron content of the soil. These three values provide an insight into the risk of chlorosis and allow growers to choose the most suitable rootstock variety accordingly. Tylosis and apoplexy These apoplexy phenomena are linked to problems of water circulation through the plant when evapotranspiration is high (dry wind following heavy rainfall in the summer season) and the absorption of water through the roots is limited. In this case, the high pressure in the vessels causes air bubbles (cavitation) and tyloses (invagination of the membrane of neighbouring cells in the vessels) to form, which causes a slowing of sap circulation and water stress in the leaves.
Gravesac resists up to 15% of "total" limestone, 6% of "active" limestone and an ICP of 5. Its resistance to iron chlorosis is thus low to moderate. It has a very good behavior into acidic soil (soil enricher to increase soil pH are however necessary before planting under acidic conditions). This rootstock is also adapted to temporary water excess conditions during the spring and its resistance to drought is moderate. Gravesac is adapted to sandy or gravelly soils.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
Gravesac shows a good affinity with grafts and the vigor confered is moderate to high. The varieties gratfed onto this rootstock produce steady and rather high yields, and their fruits are usually good quality.
The rootstock may interact with the characteristics of the graft in terms of precocity of the vegetative cycle and the growth and development of the branches, as well as yield factors (fertility and berry size). In some cases, the risks of incompatibility or poor affinity of the rootstock variety with a graft variety are specified.
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Cépages et vignobles de France, tome 1. P. Galet, 1988, Ed. Dehan, Montpellier, France.
