Pinot noir

Pinot noir N

Name of the variety in France Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Pinot noir

Origin

This variety is originally from Burgundy.

Synonyms

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

In the European Union, Pinot noir is officially called by other names: Blauer Burgunder (Austria), Blauer Spätburgunder (Germany), Modri pinot (Slovenia), Pinot Nero (Italy), Pinot crni (Croatia) and Rulandské modré (Czech republic, Slovakia). These synonyms are officially recognized in France regarding plant propagation material.

Legal information This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

In France, Pinot noir is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).<br>
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: <a href="https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture" target="">visionet</a>.

	1958	1968	1979	1988	1998	2008	2018
ha	8535	11876	17210	21971	25871	28006	36727

Descriptive elements

<p>Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the <a href="/en/vocabulaire">"Ampelographic glossary"</a> menu).<br>
The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast):</p>
<ul>
<li>Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard),</li>
<li>Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault),</li>
<li>La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault).</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.</p>

The identification is based on:
- the tip of the young shoot with a medium to high density of prostrate hairs,
- the green or yellow young leaves,
- the shoots with red-striped internodes,
- the dark or very dark green adult leaves, entire or with three or five lobes, with a slightly open or closed petiole sinus, with lobes facing each other towards the lower side of the blade in a coxcomb shape, short teeth, a twisted, strongly blistered leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped or slightly ellipsoid berries.

Genetic profile

Microsatellite	VVS2	VVMD5	VVMD7	VVMD27	VRZAG62	VRZAG79	VVMD25	VVMD28	VVMD32
Allel 1	135	225	239	182	188	240	238	216	239
Allel 2	149	236	243	186	194	246	248	235	271

Phenology

<p>The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years)</li>
<li>Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)</li>
</ul>

Bud burst: 2 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: early-season, half a week to 1 week after Chasselas

Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

Pinot noir is particularly adapted to temperate climate zones. This variety gives best results in clay-limestone terroirs. In hot climates, grape maturation is very fast. It is sensitive to heat and the berries tend to shrivel quickly when over ripe. Pinot noir is generally trained. It expresses its fulfilment when its vigor is low to moderate and yields are limited. This variety, which requires careful debudding tends to produce a large number of grappillons.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

Pinot noir is a delicate variety, sensitive to the main diseases, particularly downy mildew, rotbrenner, grey rot (on clusters and leaves), and vine leafhoppers.

Technological potentiality

<p>The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales:</p>
<table id="potentiel">
<thead>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="2">Wine grape varieties</td>
<td colspan="2">Table grape varieties</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very small</td>
<td>≤ 100</td>
<td>< 1</td>
<td>< 150</td>
<td>< 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Small</td>
<td>100 - 200</td>
<td>1,5 - 2</td>
<td>150 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 3,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moderate</td>
<td>200 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 2,5</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>3,5 - 5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>2,5 - 3,5</td>
<td>400 - 700</td>
<td>5,5 - 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very large</td>
<td>> 400</td>
<td>> 3,5</td>
<td>> 700</td>
<td>> 8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.</p>

The bunches and berries are very small to small in size. Pinot noir, under favorable conditions, can produce extremely high quality red wines, combining finesse, intensity and aromatic complexity, that are suited for ageing. The sugar accumulation potential is high for a moderate acidity (sometimes insufficient when ripe) and a color which is often not very intense, but can be maintained over time. Pinot noir also makes quality base wines for the production of sparkling wines.

Clonal selection in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

The 48 certified Pinot noir clones carry the numbers 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 162, 163, 164, 165, 236, 292, 372, 373, 374, 375, 386, 388, 389, 459, 460, 461, 462, 521, 528, 583, 617, 665, 666, 667, 668, 743, 777, 778, 779, 780, 792, 828, 829, 870, 871, 872, 927, 943, 1184, 1185, 1196, 1197 and 1306. Conservatories-collections, planted in Alsace, Burgundy (Côte d'Or and Saône-et-Loire) and in Champagne between 1971 and 1995, gather almost 800 clones.

Bibliographic references The main bibliographical sources are provided.

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.

Description of clones certified in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

		Identity and availability					Agronomic data						Technological data						Autres informations
Clone no.	Marque	Origin	Selection	Year of certification	Agronomic references	Surface area used for propagation (year)	Fertility	Production level	Bunch weight	Vigor	Berry size	Susceptibility to grey rot	Sugar level	Color potential	Titrable acidity	Tannic structure	Aromatic intensity	Oenological suitability	New	General note	Agro-tecnic note	Note agronomique	Agronomic note	Links
111		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1971	Burgundy		medium	medium	medium			medium to high	medium					wines with a fairly tannic structure		irregular production. Clone a little more susceptible to grey rot.
112		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1971																	Clone not widely distributed.
113		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1971	Burgundy	1.42 ha	medium	medium	medium				medium					balanced wines with not very noticeable tannins		production level sometimes irregular
114		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1971	Burgundy	1.81 ha	medium	low to medium	low to medium		medium		medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium		aromatic, typical and fairly tannic wines		clone sometimes irregular but bringing an interesting qualitative potential in blends
115		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1971	Burgundy Languedoc	12.64 ha	low to medium	low to medium	low to medium		medium		medium to high	medium	low to medium	medium to high		typical, complex wines with a good tannic structure		clone appreciated for its regularity of production, its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained. Good aptitude for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
162		Alsace	INRA	1972	Alsace	0.98 ha	medium	medium	low to medium				medium					suitable for the production of light red wines or rosé wines
163		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1972																	Clone not widely distributed.
164		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1972																	Clone not widely distributed.
165		Côte-d'Or	INRA	1972	Burgundy	0.39 ha	medium	medium	medium				medium					representative wines of the variety
236		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1973	Burgundy Champagne	3.51 ha	high	high	medium to high		medium	medium to high	low	low to medium	high	low to medium		recommended for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «fairly typical» in Champagne
292		Jura	ENTAV	1973	Burgundy Champagne	3.96 ha	medium to high	high	high				low to medium					not very full-bodied red wines		can be used for the production of sparkling wines but is considered as "not very typical" in Champagne
372		Jura	ENTAV	1975																	Clone not widely distributed.
373		Jura	ENTAV	1975																	Clone not widely distributed.
374		Jura	ENTAV	1975																	Clone not widely distributed.
375		Saône-et-Loire	ENTAV	1975	Burgundy Champagne Languedoc	3.92 ha	medium to high	high	medium to high	medium	medium		low to medium	low to medium		medium		supple and fruity red wines		yield must be managed. Can be used for the production of sparkling wines
386		Marne	ENTAV	1975	Burgundy Champagne Languedoc	4.62 ha	high	medium to high	medium to high		medium to high		low to medium	medium	medium to high	medium		suitable for the production of sparkling wines		fleshy berries. Clone considered «typical» in Champagne.
388		Marne	ENTAV	1975	Champagne	2.17 ha	high	medium to high	high		high		low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «not very typical» in Champagne
389		Marne	ENTAV	1975	Champagne	2.06 ha	high	medium to high	high		high		low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «not very typical» in Champagne
459		Jura	ENTAV	1976	Burgundy Languedoc	2.65 ha	medium to high	high	high		medium to high		medium	medium	medium	medium to high		wines with a balanced and tannic structure		satisfactory quality if yield is managed
460		Jura	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
461		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
462		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
521		Marne	ENTAV	1976	Champagne	1.59 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high				medium					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
528		Non précisée	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
583		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1978	Burgundy Languedoc	0.28 ha	medium to high	medium	low to medium	medium to high			medium	medium to high	medium	low to medium		representative wines of the variety		erect bearing "pinot droit" type. Good behaviour in Languedoc.
617		Non précisée	ENTAV	1979																	Clone not widely distributed.
665		Marne	ENTAV	1980	Champagne	1.37 ha	high	high	high			medium to high	low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «fairly typical» in Champagne
666		Marne	ENTAV	1980	Champagne	1.80 ha	high	high	high				low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «fairly typical» in Champagne
667		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1980	Burgundy	3.54 ha	low to medium	low to medium	low to medium		medium		medium to high	medium	medium	medium		fine and aromatic wines, good tannic structure		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained. Good aptitude for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
668		Marne	ENTAV	1980	Champagne	0.74 ha	high	medium to high	low to medium		high		low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «not very typical» in Champagne
743		Marne	ENTAV	1981	Champagne	1.23 ha	high	high	high				medium					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered «not very typical» in Champagne
777		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1981	Burgundy Languedoc	8.27 ha	medium	low	low		low to medium		high	medium to high	low to medium	medium to high		typical, powerful and aromatic wines with a good tannic structure		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics, the quality and color of the wines obtained. Good aptitude for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
778		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1981																	Clone not widely distributed.
779		Cher	ENTAV	1981	Champagne	0.77 ha	medium to high	medium	low to medium				medium to high					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
780		Marne	ENTAV	1981	Champagne	0.39 ha	high	medium to high	high		high		low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
792		Marne	ENTAV	1984	Champagne	1.38 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high				medium					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
828		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1985	Burgundy	3.69 ha	medium	low	low		low to medium		high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		typical, aromatic, round and balanced wines with a good tannic structure		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2 variant Red Globe. Appreciated for its agronomic characteristics, the quality and colour of the wines obtained. Good aptitude for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
829		Saône-et-Loire	ENTAV	1985	Burgundy	0.10 ha	high	high	medium to high				low					representative wines of the variety
870		Marne	ENTAV	1986	Champagne	0.99 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high				medium					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
871		Marne	ENTAV	1988	Champagne	0.95 ha	medium to high	high	high				low					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
872		Marne	ENTAV	1989	Champagne	0.64 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high				medium					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
927		Cher	ENTAV	1988	Champagne	0.57 ha	medium to high	medium	low to medium				medium to high					suitable for the production of sparkling wines		clone considered as «typical» in Champagne
943		Côte-d'Or	ENTAV	1989	Burgundy	0.72 ha	medium	low	low		low to medium		high	medium to high	low to medium	medium to high		colored and concentrated wines		more drooping bearing. To be used with care because of its particular behaviour depending on the vintage.
1184		Saône-et-Loire	CA71 - IFV	2012	Burgundy		low to medium	low to medium	low		medium	medium	medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		wines appreciated for their color and structure in the mouth		low production level and above-average colour intensity
1185		Saône-et-Loire	CA71 - IFV	2012	Burgundy		medium to high	low	low		low	low	medium to high	high	medium	medium to high		wines appreciated for their color, aromatic complexity and their quality in the mouth		low production level and above-average colour intensity		clone susceptible to millerandage
1196		Saône-et-Loire	CA71 - IFV	2013	Burgundy		medium to high	low to medium	medium		medium	low	high	high	medium			structured wines, with complex and typical aromas of the variety		low production level and above-average colour intensity		clone slightly susceptible to millerandage but less than 1185
1197		Saône-et-Loire	CA71 - IFV	2013	Burgundy		medium	low to medium	medium to high		medium	medium	high	medium to high	medium		high	wines appreciated for their olfactory intensity and tannin suppleness		low production level and higher olfactory intensity than average		erect bearing
1306		Loire-Atlantique	IFV	2019

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