Macabeu
B
Wine grape variety.
The geographical origin of the variety is specified or, if this is not possible, the area in which it is traditionally cultivated. The genetic origin of the variety is also indicated whenever it is known from hybridiser data or from genetic analyses published or obtained by the teams at INRAE in Montpellier (UMR AGAP) and Vassal-Montpellier Grapevine Biological Resources Centre (CRB-Vigne).
This variety is originally from Spain, probably from Catalonia. Based on published genetic analyses, Macabeu would be the result of crossbreeding Gibi and Brustiano faux.
This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.
Wine grape variety.
Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.
Macabeu
Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.
In the European Union, Macabeu is officially called by other names: Macabeo (Spain), Maccabeau (Greece) and Viura (Spain). These synonyms are officially recognized in France regarding plant propagation material.
This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the "Legislation" menu.
In France, Macabeu is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Greece and Spain.
Evolution of cultivated areas in France
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM). Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture.
Year |
ha |
|
|---|---|---|
|
1958 |
4429 |
|
|
1968 |
5975 |
|
|
1979 |
7077 |
|
|
1988 |
7621 |
|
|
1998 |
5771 |
|
|
2008 |
3536 |
|
|
2018 |
1636 |
Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the "Ampelographic glossary" menu). The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast): - Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard), - Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault), - La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault). Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.
- the tip of the young shoot with a very high density of prostrate hairs,
- the shoots with internodes which are often flattened and fasciated,
- the large light green adult leaves with five lobes, a slightly open or closed petiole sinus, no anthocyanin coloration of veins, a shiny involute on the edges leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a high density of prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries.
Genetic profile
The genetic profile of the variety is provided for the 9 microsatellite markers (or SSR markers) selected under the European programme GrapeGen06 (http://www.eu-vitis.de/index.php) and by the OIV. The absolute size values of the alleles may vary slightly from one laboratory to another, but the relative differences between the two alleles of one single microsatellite are constant. The genetic analyses were conducted by the INRAE Montpellier team (UMR AGAP) and the IFV’s Plant Material Centre.
| Microsatellite | VVS2 | VVMD5 | VVMD7 | VVMD27 | VRZAG62 | VRZAG79 | VVMD25 | VVMD28 | VVMD32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allele 1 |
131 |
232 |
239 |
186 |
188 |
244 |
238 |
235 |
249 |
|
Allele 2 |
143 |
234 |
239 |
191 |
188 |
258 |
240 |
257 |
255 |
The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.
Macabeu is a productive, vigorous variety with an erect bearing and must be pruned short. It is sensitive to the wind. Planting in cool and humid areas, along with too dry soil should be avoided as the variety can be subject to apoplexy and early leaf drop.
These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.
Macabeu is rather sensitive to mites, grey rot and bacterial necrosis.
The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows: - Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years) - Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)
Bud burst: 9 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: late-season, 4 weeks after Chasselas.
The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales: - Wine grape varieties Size : Very small Bunch (g) : ≤ 100 Berry (g) : 1 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 Berry (g) : 2 - Wine grape varieties Size : Small Bunch (g) : 100 - 200 Berry (g) : 1,5 - 2 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 150 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 3,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Moderate Bunch (g) : 200 - 250 Berry (g) : 2 - 2,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - 5,5 - Wine grape varieties Size : Large Bunch (g) : 250 - 400 Berry (g) : 2,5 - 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 400 - 700 Berry (g) : 5,5 - 8 - Wine grape varieties Size : Very large Bunch (g) : 400 Berry (g) : 3,5 - Table grape varieties Bunch (g) : 700 Berry (g) : 8 Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.
The bunches are very large and the berries medium to large in size. Depending on growing conditions, Macabeu can be used to produce sparkling wines, sweet wines or dry white wine. The dry white wines and sparkling wines are light, pleasant but are often lacking acidity and a bit of finesse. The aromas (sometimes with fennel notes) are also not very intense.
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
The ten certified Macabeu clones carry the numbers 630, 631, 632, 633, 706, 735, 736, 737, 789 and 1025. A conservatory of sixty or so clones was planted in the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales between 1979 and 1980. An other conservatory of 60 clones was planted in the French department of Aude in 2010.
Bibliography
- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.
Description of clones approved in France
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.
-
Clone number
-
Brand
-
Origin
Region, department or winegrowing region in which the “clone mother plant” was identified and selected.
-
Selection
Body or bodies which selected the clone. In France, clonal selection is the responsibility of the selection organisations (themselves accredited by the ministry in charge of agriculture), usually in close collaboration with a technical partner working in a winegrowing region. For clones certified after 1999, the name of the partner or partners who took part in the selection work is also included. (NB: CA = Chamber of Agriculture).
-
Year of approval
Year in which the clone was certified by the FranceAgriMer board further to a proposal by the Vine section of the CTPS (Permanent Technical Committee for Plant Selection).
-
Agronomic Reference
Region, department or winegrowing region in which the agronomic and technological data were collected.
-
Surface in multiplication
Surface area in hectares (ha) of stock nurseries used for propagation for the year under consideration (in brackets), which allows the available potential to be evaluated. Clones with a surface area of between 0.01 and 0.10 ha are shown as <0.10 ha. Clones of limited dissemination, but for which we have technical data, are shown as <0.01 ha. Other clones are given as “low-dissemination clone”, which means that the clone has been certified only recently or has not been propagated. In both cases, only the initial material is planted in the selection centres.
-
B
-
630
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Roussillon
-
0.73 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Total acidity medium to high
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
631
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Roussillon
-
0.73 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility low
-
Production level low to medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
632
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Roussillon
-
0.15 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness irregular
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
633
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1979
-
Roussillon
-
0.19 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness high
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
706
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1980
-
Roussillon
-
0.26 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness low to medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
735
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
INRA
-
1981
-
Aude;
Roussillon -
0.53 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium to high
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
736
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
INRA
-
1981
-
Aude;
Roussillon -
0.18 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
737
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
INRA
-
1981
-
Aude;
Roussillon -
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
789
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1984
-
Roussillon
-
0.45 ha
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium to high
-
Production level high
-
Cluster weight high
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness low
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
-
B
-
1025
-
-
Pyrénées-Orientales
-
ENTAV
-
1995
-
Roussillon
-
-
-
Agronomic Data
-
Fertility medium
-
Production level medium
-
Cluster weight medium
-
Technological Data
-
Sugar richness medium
-
Total acidity medium
-
Oenological skills representative wines of the variety
