Grenache

Grenache N

Name of the variety in France Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Grenache

Origin

This variety was originally from Spain and was introduced to France in the Middle Ages.

Synonyms

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

In the European Union, Grenache is officially called by other names: Alicante (Italy), Cannonau (Italy), Tocai rosso (Italy), Garnacha Tinta (Spain), Grenache noir (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia) and Grenache rouge (Greece). These synonyms are officially recognized in France regarding plant propagation material.

Legal information This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

In France, Grenache is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).<br>
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: <a href="https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture" target="">visionet</a>.

	1958	1968	1979	1988	1998	2008	2018
ha	24886	51931	77669	86715	91619	98644	82966

Descriptive elements

<p>Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the <a href="/en/vocabulaire">"Ampelographic glossary"</a> menu).<br>
The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast):</p>
<ul>
<li>Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard),</li>
<li>Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault),</li>
<li>La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault).</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.</p>

The identification is based on:
- the tip of the young shoot with a low density of prostrate hairs,
- the green and shiny young leaves,
- the shoots with green internodes,
- the adult leaves with teeth with straight sides, no anthocyanin coloration of veins and petioles, a very twisted smooth leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, no or a very low density of erect and prostrate hairs,
- the yellow woody shoots,
- the round-shaped berries.

Genetic profile

Microsatellite	VVS2	VVMD5	VVMD7	VVMD27	VRZAG62	VRZAG79	VVMD25	VVMD28	VVMD32
Allel 1	135	223	239	191	188	258	240	243	239
Allel 2	143	238	243	191	188	258	254	243	249

Phenology

<p>The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years)</li>
<li>Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)</li>
</ul>

Bud burst: 6 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: late-season, 4 weeks after Chasselas.

Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

This variety is very vigorous (strong vine trunks), is sometimes sensitive to coulure and can have issues with lignification. Grenache has an erect bearing and must be pruned short in gobelet or cordon. It easily shows symptoms of magnesium deficiency. It is better adapted to slightly acidic, gravel or stony (pebble) terroirs rather than to very limestone white soil.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

This variety is very sensitive to downy mildew and phomopsis and is rather sensitive to bacterial necrosis, grey rot and vine moths. On the other hand, it is not very susceptible to mites and resists well against, ungrafted, Meloidogyne arenaria nematodes in the sands along the coast.

Technological potentiality

<p>The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales:</p>
<table id="potentiel">
<thead>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="2">Wine grape varieties</td>
<td colspan="2">Table grape varieties</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very small</td>
<td>≤ 100</td>
<td>< 1</td>
<td>< 150</td>
<td>< 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Small</td>
<td>100 - 200</td>
<td>1,5 - 2</td>
<td>150 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 3,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moderate</td>
<td>200 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 2,5</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>3,5 - 5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>2,5 - 3,5</td>
<td>400 - 700</td>
<td>5,5 - 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very large</td>
<td>> 400</td>
<td>> 3,5</td>
<td>> 700</td>
<td>> 8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.</p>

Grenache's bunches are medium to large and the berries are medium in size. It has a very high sugar accumulation potential but the color decreases quickly as the yields increase. Acidity is generally low. Grenache produces sweet wines and very structured, ample and aromatic great wines suited to ageing, provided that they are planted in quality terroirs and that the yields are perfectly managed.

Clonal selection in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

The twenty-six Grenache clones carry the numbers 70, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 224, 287, 362, 363, 432, 433, 434, 435, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 814, 1064, 1065, 1212, 1270, 1271 and 1272. A conservatory of more than 360 clones was planted in the Côtes du Rhône in 1998.

Bibliographic references The main bibliographical sources are provided.

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.

Description of clones certified in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

		Identity and availability					Agronomic data						Technological data						Autres informations
Clone no.	Marque	Origin	Selection	Year of certification	Agronomic references	Surface area used for propagation (year)	Fertility	Production level	Bunch weight	Vigor	Berry size	Susceptibility to grey rot	Sugar level	Color potential	Titrable acidity	Tannic structure	Aromatic intensity	Oenological suitability	New	General note	Agro-tecnic note	Note agronomique	Agronomic note	Links
70		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1971	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	30.60 ha	medium to high	high	medium to high		medium		medium to high	medium	medium	low to medium		representative wines of the variety that sometimes lack structure		productive clone, regular in sugar and polyphenol richness if production is managed
134		Aude	INRA	1972	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	6.94 ha	high	high	medium to high	high	medium		low	low to medium		low to medium		wines often lack structure and color		very productive clone
135		Aude	INRA	1972	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	12.59 ha	low to medium	medium	medium	low	medium		medium to high	medium to high		medium to high		colored and structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
136		Aude	INRA	1972	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	22.85 ha	medium to high	low to medium	low to medium	low	low to medium		high	medium to high		medium to high		balanced, colored and well-structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
137		Aude	INRA	1972	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	2.10 ha	low to medium	medium	medium		medium		low	low to medium		low to medium		wines sometimes lack concentration
139		Aude	INRA	1972	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	4.51 ha	low to medium	medium	medium		low to medium		medium					representative wines of the variety		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2. Irregular behaviour according to the circumstances of the vintage and the environment.
224		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1973	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	15.94 ha	medium	high	high		medium		medium	low to medium		medium		representative wines of the variety that sometimes lack structure		very productive clone
287		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1973	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	3.12 ha	medium to high	high	medium to high		medium		low to medium	low to medium		medium		representative wines of the variety
362		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1975	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	18.33 ha	low to medium	low	low		low		high	medium to high		medium to high		balanced, colored and well-structured wines		less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained. Tend to be more susceptible to coulure in years that favour this phenomenon.
363		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1975	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	4.59 ha	medium	medium	medium to high		medium		medium	medium to high		medium		representative wines of the variety		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2. Irregular behaviour according to the circumstances of the vintage and the environment.
432		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley		medium to high	medium	medium	high			low to medium					representative wines of the variety		irregular behaviour according to the conditions of the vintage and the environment
433		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	1.52 ha	medium to high	medium	medium		medium		medium to high	medium to high		medium to high		representative wines of the variety
434		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	3.87 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium	high	medium		medium to high	medium		medium to high		representative wines of the variety
435		Vaucluse	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	10.83 ha	medium to high	low to medium	low to medium		low to medium		high	medium to high		medium to high		balanced, colored and well-structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
513		Non précisée	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	2.17 ha	low	low	low to medium				high	medium to high		medium to high		balanced and well-structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained. Tend to be more susceptible to coulure in years favouring this phenomenon.
514		Ardèche	ENTAV	1976	Rhône-Valley		low to medium	medium	medium				medium to high					representative wines of the variety		irregular behaviour according to the conditions of the vintage and the environment
515		Ardèche	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	1.25 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium	low			medium to high					representative wines of the variety
516		Hérault	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	10.65 ha	medium	medium to high	medium to high		medium to high		medium	medium		medium		representative wines of the variety
517		Hérault	ENTAV	1976	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley		medium	medium to high		medium to high			low to medium					representative wines of the variety
814		Espagne	ENTAV	1985	Languedoc-Roussillon Rhône-Valley	0.35 ha	medium	high	high		medium to high		low	low to medium		low to medium		representative wines of the variety that sometimes lack structure		very productive clone
1064		Espagne	CA 84 - ENTAV	2002	Rhône-Valley	0.21 ha	low	low	low to medium		medium		medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium		balanced wines with a good tannic structure		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
1065		Espagne	CA 84 - ENTAV	2002	Rhône-Valley	0.44 ha	high	low to high	low		medium to high		high	medium to high	low to medium	medium		balanced wines with a good tannic structure		clone interesting for its smaller and looser than average bunches, high alternation of production due to the effect of coulure. Wines appreciated in tasting.
1212		Vaucluse	CA 84 - IFV	2014	Rhône-Valley		high	low	low	medium	very low	low	low to medium	high	low to medium	medium to high		balanced, colored and well-structured wines		clone with small berries and loose bunches, not very susceptible to grey rot. Late harvest and regular production. More colored wines appreciated in tasting
1270		Espagne	Pépinières Mercier - IFV	2018
1271		Vaucluse	Pépinières Mercier - IFV	2018
1272		Espagne	Pépinières Mercier - IFV	2018

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Catalogue of grapevines cultivated in France