Grand noir de la Calmette

Grand noir de la Calmette N

Name of the variety in France Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Grand noir de la Calmette

Origin

This variety was obtained by Louis and Henri Bouschet in 1855 à Mauguio (Hérault). Based on genetic analyses carried out in Montpellier, Grand noir de la Calmette would result from a crossbreeding between Petit Bouschet (Aramon x Teinturier du Cher) and Morrastel (Graciano).

Synonyms

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

In France, this variety can officially be called "Grand noir" regarding plant propagation material. In Bulgaria and Portugal, Grand noir de la Calmette is officially designated as "Grand noir".

Legal information This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

In France, Grand noir de la Calmette is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" since 2013 on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Bulgaria, Portugal and Spain.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).<br>
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: <a href="https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture" target="">visionet</a>.

	1958	1968	1979	1988	1998	2008	2018
ha	31231	23365	2716	464	1	1	0.5

Descriptive elements

<p>Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the <a href="/en/vocabulaire">"Ampelographic glossary"</a> menu).<br>
The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast):</p>
<ul>
<li>Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard),</li>
<li>Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault),</li>
<li>La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault).</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.</p>

The identification is based on:
- the white tip of the young shoot, with a high density of prostrate hairs,
- the green or yellow young leaves with a high density of prostrate hairs,
- the shoots with red or red-striped internodes,
- the adult leaves with three or five lobes revolute on the edges, deep U-shaped upper lateral sinuses and less pronounced, a slightly open or closed U-shaped petiole sinus, wide teeth, short compared to their width at the base with straight or convex, a weak anthocyanin coloration of veins, a finely blistered flat leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a medium density of erect and prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries whose pulp is colored.

Genetic profile

Microsatellite	VVS2	VVMD5	VVMD7	VVMD27	VRZAG62	VRZAG79	VVMD25	VVMD28	VVMD32
Allel 1	137	223	239	178	188	244	248	235	239
Allel 2	149	232	243	180	188	260	270	243	249

Phenology

<p>The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years)</li>
<li>Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)</li>
</ul>

Bud burst: 7 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 3 weeks after Chasselas.

Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

Grand noir de la Calmette is relatively vigorous, rather fertile and has an erect bearing. Its foliage turns red in fall. This variety is sensitive to winter frosts but not very susceptible to spring frosts as it has a late bud burst. Grand noir de la Calmette is also a little sensitive to drought and its berries tend to shrivel under the effect of water stress.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

Grand noir de la Calmette is a rather "rustic" variety, it is moderately sensitive to powdery mildew and to wood diseases. It is a little bit more susceptible to downy mildew.

Technological potentiality

<p>The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales:</p>
<table id="potentiel">
<thead>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="2">Wine grape varieties</td>
<td colspan="2">Table grape varieties</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very small</td>
<td>≤ 100</td>
<td>< 1</td>
<td>< 150</td>
<td>< 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Small</td>
<td>100 - 200</td>
<td>1,5 - 2</td>
<td>150 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 3,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moderate</td>
<td>200 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 2,5</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>3,5 - 5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>2,5 - 3,5</td>
<td>400 - 700</td>
<td>5,5 - 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very large</td>
<td>> 400</td>
<td>> 3,5</td>
<td>> 700</td>
<td>> 8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.</p>

Grand noir de la Calmette's bunches are medium in size and moderately compact. The berries are also medium, simple-flavored, with a thick skin and a juicy pulp. The juices are rather colored. The musts of this teinturier variety can be blended for the production of grape juices. This variety gives astringent, not very alcoholic and rather flat wines with sometimes peppery aromas.

Clonal selection in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

There is no certified clone for this variety yet.

Bibliographic references The main bibliographical sources are provided.

- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Montpellier SupAgro, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.
- Wine Grapes. J. Robinson et al, 2012, Ed. Penguin, England.
- Ampelografiai album. N. Marton, 1967, Ed. Mezogazdagi Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.
- Atlas ampélographique des cépages cultivés en Grèce. C. Kotinis, 1984, Greece.
- Càtalogo das castas para vinho cultivadas em Portugal. R. Faustino, 2013, Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, I.P, Portugal.

Note

PDF export

Catalogue of grapevines cultivated in France