Cabernet-Sauvignon

Cabernet-Sauvignon N

Name of the variety in France Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Cabernet-Sauvignon

Origin

This variety is originally from the Bordeaux region. Based on published genetic studies, this variety would result from the crossbreeding between Cabernet franc and Sauvignon.

Synonyms

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

There is no officially recognized synonym in France nor in the other countries of the European Union, for this variety.

Legal information This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

In France, Cabernet-Sauvignon is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).<br>
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: <a href="https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture" target="">visionet</a>.

	1958	1968	1979	1988	1998	2008	2018
ha	7841	11882	22992	36468	49393	60385	47751

Descriptive elements

<p>Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the <a href="/en/vocabulaire">"Ampelographic glossary"</a> menu).<br>
The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast):</p>
<ul>
<li>Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard),</li>
<li>Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault),</li>
<li>La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault).</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.</p>

The identification is based on:
- the red young leaves with bronze spots,
- the circular adult leaves, with seven or nine lobes, club-shaped or U-shaped lateral sinuses, a petiole sinus with slightly overlapping lobes, sometimes naked petiole veins, medium to large length teeth with convex sides, a blistered leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries.

Genetic profile

Microsatellite	VVS2	VVMD5	VVMD7	VVMD27	VRZAG62	VRZAG79	VVMD25	VVMD28	VVMD32
Allel 1	137	229	239	172	188	248	238	233	239
Allel 2	149	238	239	186	194	248	248	235	239

Phenology

<p>The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years)</li>
<li>Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)</li>
</ul>

Bud burst: 13 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 3 weeks to 3 weeks and a half after Chasselas.

Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

Cabernet-Sauvignon has a late budburst. It is vigorous,with large-diameter vine shoots under fertile conditions, very long branches (elongated internodes) and lignified tendrils. This variety requires careful trellishing. The pruning, which can be long or short in southern areas, is relatively slow. Large pruning wounds should be avoided. The removal of woods, which are hard, also requires considerable time consuming work. Cabernet-Sauvignon frequently produces better results on gravelly and draining ground, rather acid and well-exposed. This variety sometimes suffers from dessication of the stems and this risk is increased by the use of certain rootstocks such as S04.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

Cabernet-Sauvignon is not very susceptible to grey rot. On the other hand, it is very suceptible to wood diseases (eutypa dieback, esca) and powdery mildew.

Technological potentiality

<p>The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales:</p>
<table id="potentiel">
<thead>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="2">Wine grape varieties</td>
<td colspan="2">Table grape varieties</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very small</td>
<td>≤ 100</td>
<td>< 1</td>
<td>< 150</td>
<td>< 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Small</td>
<td>100 - 200</td>
<td>1,5 - 2</td>
<td>150 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 3,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moderate</td>
<td>200 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 2,5</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>3,5 - 5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>2,5 - 3,5</td>
<td>400 - 700</td>
<td>5,5 - 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very large</td>
<td>> 400</td>
<td>> 3,5</td>
<td>> 700</td>
<td>> 8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.</p>

The bunches and berries are small. Cabernet-Sauvignon makes wines with a very interesting tannic structure and a deep color when it has reached a proper maturity. These wines are generally suitable for ageing and maturing in wood. This variety vegetal aromas are replaced by much more pleasant and complex aromas once the grapes have reached a proper maturity. On the other hand, when vinified alone and not blended, Cabernet-Sauvignon often lacks body and fullness.

Clonal selection in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

The nineteen certified Cabernet-Sauvignon clones carry the numbers 15, 169, 170, 191, 216, 217, 218, 219, 267, 269, 337, 338, 341, 410, 411, 412, 685, 1124 and 1125. A collection-conservatory, planted in the Bordeaux wine-growing region, includes more than 250 clones based on surveys carried out between 1966 and 1988.

Bibliographic references The main bibliographical sources are provided.

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.

Description of clones certified in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

		Identity and availability					Agronomic data						Technological data						Autres informations
Clone no.	Marque	Origin	Selection	Year of certification	Agronomic references	Surface area used for propagation (year)	Fertility	Production level	Bunch weight	Vigor	Berry size	Susceptibility to grey rot	Sugar level	Color potential	Titrable acidity	Tannic structure	Aromatic intensity	Oenological suitability	New	General note	Agro-tecnic note	Note agronomique	Agronomic note	Links
15		Gironde	ENTAV	1971	Bordelais Languedoc Provence Sud-Ouest	39.07 ha	high	high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		medium	medium	medium	medium		balanced and structured wines		clone appreciated in the South of France, good compromise between production level and quality of the harvest provided that the yield is managed and the maturity is sufficient
169		Gironde	ENTAV	1972	Bordelais Languedoc Sud-Ouest	46.38 ha	low to medium	low to medium	low to medium		low to medium		high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		balanced and well-structured wines with round tannins		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude to produce wines suitable for ageing				En savoir plus
170		Val-de-Loire	ENTAV	1972	Bordelais Languedoc Provence Loire-Valley	5.39 ha	medium	medium	medium		medium		medium	medium	medium	medium		balanced wines, representative of the variety		representative clone of the variety
191		Gironde	INRA	1973	Bordelais Sud-Ouest Languedoc Provence Loire-Valley	14.04 ha	low to medium	low	low	low	low to medium		high	high	medium	high		colored and well-structured wines		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2. Tip of the young shoot and young leaves more bronzed. Risk of maturity blockage if water stress is too high. Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
216		Val-de-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Languedoc Provence Loire-Valley	0.30 ha	high	high	medium				low to medium		medium			representative wines of the variety
217		Val-de-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Languedoc Provence Loire-Valley	1.16 ha	medium	high	medium				medium		medium			representative wines of the variety
218		Gironde	ENTAV	1973	Bordelais		medium to high	medium to high	medium				medium					representative wines of the variety
219		Val-de-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Languedoc Loire-Valley	0.42 ha	medium	medium	medium				low to medium		medium			representative wines of the variety
267		Gironde	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley		medium to high	high	medium to high				low to medium		low to medium			representative wines of the variety
269		Gironde	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley		high	high	medium				medium		medium			representative wines of the variety
337		Gironde	INRA	1975	Bordelais	28.39 ha	medium	medium	medium		medium		medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		rich and structured wines		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2. Slightly shorter growing cycle. Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for producing wines suitable for ageing.
338		Gironde	INRA	1975	Bordelais Languedoc	9.68 ha	medium	medium	medium to high		medium		medium	medium to high	medium	medium to high		balanced wines, representative of the variety
341		Gironde	INRA	1975	Bordelais	8.25 ha	low to medium	low to medium	low		medium		high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		balanced and structured wines		clone carrying the leafroll associated virus 2. Appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its suitability for the production of wines suitable for ageing.
410		Gironde	ENTAV	1976	Bordelais		medium	medium	medium				medium		medium			representative wines of the variety
411		Gironde	ENTAV	1976	Bordelais		medium	medium	medium				medium		medium			representative wines of the variety						En savoir plus
412		Gironde	ENTAV	1976	Bordelais Languedoc Provence	0.59 ha	low to medium	low	low to medium		low to medium		high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		balanced and structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude to produce wines suitable for ageing				En savoir plus
685		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1980	Bordelais Provence Sud-Ouest	19.68 ha	high	high	high		medium		medium	medium	medium	medium		representative wines of the variety		more productive and more vigorous clone, slightly later
1124		Gironde	CA 33 - IFV	2009	Bordelais		medium	medium	medium	medium to high	low to medium	medium	medium to high	high	medium	high		colored and well-structured wines		clone resulting from clone 191 sanitized by apex micrografting. It is free of the leafroll associated virus 2	Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for producing wines suitable for ageing.	higher vigor than clone 191		En savoir plus
1125		Gironde	CA 33 - IFV	2009	Bordelais		medium	medium	medium	medium	medium	medium	medium to high	high	medium	medium to high		wines appreciated for their organoleptic quality, particularly regarding balance, color and structure		clone belonging to another health family of clone 337. It is free of the leafroll associated virus 2	Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for producing wines suitable for ageing.	slightly earlier maturity		En savoir plus

Note

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Catalogue of grapevines cultivated in France