Cabernet franc

Cabernet franc N

Name of the variety in France Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Name under which the variety is officially registered in the catalogue of grapevine varieties in France and under which it may be propagated and disseminated.

Cabernet franc

Origin

Cabernet franc is probably originally from the south west of France.

Synonyms

Recognised alternative names that may be used to identify the propagation material of the variety in France or in other member countries of the European Union.

There is no officially recognized synonym in France nor in the other countries of the European Union, for this variety.

Legal information This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

This information indicates on which list the variety is registered (A or B), whether it is classified for wine grapes, and in which member countries of the European Union the variety is also officially registered (for more information, see the <a href="/en/reglementation">"Legislation"</a>menu).

In France, Cabernet franc is officially listed in the "Catalogue of vine varieties" on the A list and classified. This variety is also listed in the catalogues of other Member States of the European Union: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain.

Use

This information indicates the normal and statutory use for the grapes.

Wine grape variety.

Evolution of cultivated areas in France

The figures provided are taken from vineyard land registers (IVCC, ONIVIT, ONIVINS), general agricultural censuses (SCEES-INSEE) and the current computerised vineyard register (DGDDI, FAM).<br>
Regional vine planting data is available on the following site: <a href="https://visionet.franceagrimer.fr/Pages/DonneesInteractivesDocs.aspx?sousmenu=observatoire%20de%20la%20viticulture" target="">visionet</a>.

	1958	1968	1979	1988	1998	2008	2018
ha	9743	17864	22606	30256	35163	38691	32676

Descriptive elements

<p>Only the principal ampelographic elements enabling the varieties to be characterised and identified are provided. They are presented according to the descriptor code recognised by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), the Community Plant Variety Office (OCVV) and Bioversity International (for more information, see the <a href="/en/vocabulaire">"Ampelographic glossary"</a> menu).<br>
The photographs of leaves and grapes were taken in natural conditions, on the vine, in very similar situations in terms of growing conditions (sandy soil, Mediterranean coast):</p>
<ul>
<li>Domaine de l'Espiguette (IFV), Le Grau du Roi (Gard),</li>
<li>Domaine de Vassal (INRAE), Marseillan (Hérault),</li>
<li>La Gaillarde Campus (Institut Agro | Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier (Hérault).</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a few photographs, including the tips of bunches, were taken in other conditions.</p>

The identification is based on:
- the greenish-red young leaves with bronze spots,
- the pentagonal adult leaves, with three or five lobes, lateral sinuses with often a tooth inside, a petiole sinus with slightly overlapping lobes, medium teeth with straight sides, a hammered, shiny leaf blade, and on the lower side of the leaves, a low density of prostrate hairs,
- the round-shaped berries

Genetic profile

Microsatellite	VVS2	VVMD5	VVMD7	VVMD27	VRZAG62	VRZAG79	VVMD25	VVMD28	VVMD32
Allel 1	137	223	239	178	194	248	238	227	239
Allel 2	145	238	262	186	204	260	254	235	257

Phenology

<p>The growth stages indicated are the result of obsrvations made at the Domaine de Vassal Estate where the set of these varieties form a collection. The results are indicated compared to the Chasselas vine variety as a reference in order to make comparisons between years and different sites. As such, for information purposes, the dates for the Chasselas B growth stage at Domaine de Vassal are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bud burst, 21 March (average over 50 years)</li>
<li>Grape maturity, 14 August (average over 50 years)</li>
</ul>

Bud burst: 5 days after Chasselas.
Grape maturity: mid-season, 2 weeks and a half to 3 weeks after Chasselas.

Suitability for cultivation and agronomic production The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

The data on suitability are the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and the study of bibliographic references.

This fairly vigorous variety must be trained with moderately long pruning or short pruning in more favorable climatic zones. In terms of terroir, best results are generally achieved on clay-limestone soils, but good results may also be achieved with sandy soils in the absence of water stress.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

These remarks are also the result of field observations or, if none are available, of bibliography mining and study of bibliographic references.

Cabernet franc is moderately resistant to grey rot and is moderately sensitive to eutypa dieback and esca. It is susceptible to vine leafhoppers.

Technological potentiality

<p>The size of grape clusters and berries indicated are based on the following scales:</p>
<table id="potentiel">
<thead>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="2">Wine grape varieties</td>
<td colspan="2">Table grape varieties</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Size</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
<td>Bunch (g)</td>
<td>Berry (g)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very small</td>
<td>≤ 100</td>
<td>< 1</td>
<td>< 150</td>
<td>< 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Small</td>
<td>100 - 200</td>
<td>1,5 - 2</td>
<td>150 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 3,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Moderate</td>
<td>200 - 250</td>
<td>2 - 2,5</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>3,5 - 5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Large</td>
<td>250 - 400</td>
<td>2,5 - 3,5</td>
<td>400 - 700</td>
<td>5,5 - 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Very large</td>
<td>> 400</td>
<td>> 3,5</td>
<td>> 700</td>
<td>> 8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Remarks concerning the characteristics of the wines are generally based on tastings organised by juries of professionals.</p>

The bunches are medium in size and the berries are small. This variety is used to produce quality aromatic wines with average ageing potential. However, the 'sugar', 'acid' and 'polyphenol' (coloring intensity and tannic structure) potentials are moderate.

Clonal selection in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

The thirty-one certified Cabernet franc clones carry the numbers 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 326, 327, 332, 393, 394, 395, 396, 407, 408, 409, 542, 543, 544, 545, 622, 623, 678, 1155, 1156, 1158, 1166, 1167, 1203, 1204 and 1311. A conservatory of 100 clones was planted in 2001, in the wine-growing region of Anjou. Another conservatory of more than 100 clones was planted in the Bordeaux wine-growing region in 2003 and 2004 ; it is based on surveys conducted in Gironde and in the Pyrénées foothills.

Bibliographic references The main bibliographical sources are provided.

- Catalogue des variétés et clones de vigne cultivés en France. Collectif, 2007, Ed. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France.
- Documentary collections of the Centre de Ressources Biologiques de la Vigne de Vassal-Montpellier, INRAE - Institut Agro | Montpellier, Marseillan, France.
- Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages et de leurs synonymes. P. Galet, 2015, Ed. Libre&Solidaire, France.
- Traité général de viticulture, Ampélographie. P. Viala and V. Vermorel, 1901-1909, Ed. Masson, Paris, France.

Description of clones certified in France In this section, the list of certified clones is given. Information on clone conservatories is also provided.

		Identity and availability					Agronomic data						Technological data						Autres informations
Clone no.	Marque	Origin	Selection	Year of certification	Agronomic references	Surface area used for propagation (year)	Fertility	Production level	Bunch weight	Vigor	Berry size	Susceptibility to grey rot	Sugar level	Color potential	Titrable acidity	Tannic structure	Aromatic intensity	Oenological suitability	New	General note	Agro-tecnic note	Note agronomique	Agronomic note	Links
210		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley Bordelais Sud-Ouest	1.06 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high		medium to high	medium to high	medium	low	medium	low		supple and fruity wines		production level needs to be managed
211		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley Sudoeste	0.30 ha	medium to high	medium to high	medium		high		medium	medium	medium	low		representative wines of the variety
212		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley Sudoeste	0.15 ha	medium	medium	medium		medium		medium	medium	medium	medium		balanced and fruity wines
213		Val-de-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley	0.16 ha	medium to high	high	high				medium					representative wines of the variety
214		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley Bordelais Sud-Ouest	14.51 ha	low to medium	low	low to medium		low		high	high	medium	medium to high		aromatic, fine and structured wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude to produce wines suitable for ageing
215		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1973	Loire-Valley	2.02 ha	medium	medium	medium to high		low		medium					representative wines of the variety
326		Gironde	INRA	1975	Bordelais	4.15 ha	low	low to medium	medium	medium	medium		high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		rich and structured wines		clone carrying the leafroll-associated virus 2. Appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained if the yield is moderate.
327		Gironde	INRA	1975	Loire-Valley Bordelais Sud-Ouest	11.25 ha	low	low to medium	medium	high	low		high	medium to high	medium to high	medium to high		rich and structured wines		slightly later phenological stages. Clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and its aptitude for producing wines suitable for ageing if the yield is moderate
332		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	INRA	1975	Bordelais Val-de-Loire	1.69 ha	medium to high	high	medium to high		high		low to medium	low	medium	low to medium		slightly light wines
393		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1975	Bordelais Sud-Ouest	0.61 ha	medium to high	medium	medium		low to medium		medium to high	medium	medium	high		balanced wines, representative of the variety
394		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1975	Sud-Ouest	0.11 ha	low to medium	low to medium	medium		medium		medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		structured and colored wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
395		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1975	Sud-Ouest	0.25 ha	low	low	low to medium	high	medium to high		medium to high	high	medium	medium		structured and colored wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
396		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1975	Sud-Ouest	1.10 ha	medium to high	medium	medium		low to medium		medium to high	medium to high	medium	medium to high		balanced wines, representative of the variety
407		Gironde	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
408		Maine-et-Loire	ENTAV	1976																	Clone not widely distributed.
409		Landes	ENTAV	1976	Sud-Ouest	1.13 ha	medium to high	medium	medium		medium		medium	low to medium	medium	medium		colored and balanced wines		regular production clone
542		Landes	ENTAV	1978	Domaine de l'Espiguette Languedoc		high	high	medium		medium to high		medium		medium
543		Landes	ENTAV	1978	Domaine de l'Espiguette Languedoc		medium	medium	medium		medium		medium		medium
544		Landes	ENTAV	1978	Domaine de l'Espiguette Languedoc		medium	medium	medium		medium		medium		medium
545		Landes	ENTAV	1978	Domaine de l'Espiguette Languedoc		medium	medium to high	medium to high		medium		medium		medium
622		Pyrénées-Atlantiques	ENTAV	1978	Sud-Ouest	0.52 ha	medium	high	high		medium		low to medium	medium	medium	medium		representative wines of the variety
623		Gironde	ENTAV	1979	Loire-Valley	4.87 ha	medium	medium	medium		medium		medium to high		medium			fruity, supple and well-balanced wines		clone appreciated for its agronomic characteristics and the quality of the wines obtained
678		Landes	ENTAV	1979	Sud-Ouest	0.55 ha	medium	medium	medium		medium		medium to high		medium			representative wines of the variety		slightly earlier maturity
1155		Val-de-Loire	INRA - IFV	2018	Maine-et-Loire		inférieure à moyenne	inférieur	inférieur				supérieure	supérieur	moyenne		supérieure	vins fins, colorés, ronds et bien équilibrés		clone un peu plus précoce et peu productif. Clone apprécié pour son aptitude à l'élaboration de vins de garde.
1156		Gironde	CA33 - IFV	2012	Bordelais		low	low	low		low		high	high	medium	medium to high		wines appreciated for their aromatic intensity and tannic structure		low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
1158		Gironde	CA33 - IFV	2015	Bordelais		low	low	low		low		high	high	medium	medium to high	medium to high	wines appreciated for their aromatic intensity and tannic structure	New	low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
1166		Gironde	INRA - CA33 - IFV	2011	Bordelais		low	low	low		low		high	high	low to medium	medium to high		colored and structured wines		low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
1167		Gironde	INRA - CA33 - IFV	2011	Bordelais		low	low	low to medium		low		high	high	medium to high	medium to high		colored and structured wines		low production level with less compact bunches. Clone appreciated for its ability to produce wines suitable for ageing.
1203		Maine-et-Loire	INRA - IFV	2014	Loire-Valley		low to medium	medium	low				medium to high	high	medium		high	colored, round and well-balanced wines		not a very productive clone. Qualitatively superior to clone 214
1204		Maine-et-Loire	INRA - IFV	2014	Loire-Valley		low to medium	low	low				high	high	medium		high	fine, colored, round and well-balanced wines		slightly earlier clone and not very productive. Qualitatively superior to clone 214
1311		Gironde	Pépinières Mercier - IFV	2019

Note

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Catalogue of grapevines cultivated in France